Percentage Calculator

Five everyday percent questions in one place: how much is X% of a number, what percent one number is of another, how much something went up or down, the price after a discount, and adding or removing VAT. Type the numbers and the answer appears straight away, with the working shown.

What this tool does

It does the percent maths that people usually get stuck on. Each box answers one kind of question. Under every answer it shows the short calculation, so you can check it or copy the method for later.

When you need it

• A shop says "25% off" and you want the real price.
• Your rent or salary went up and you want to know by how many percent.
• An invoice shows the price with VAT and you need the net amount — or the other way round.
• You want to give a 10% tip.
• You scored 42 out of 50 in a test and want the percentage.

How to use it

1. Find the box that matches your question.
2. Type the two numbers. Use a dot or comma for decimals, whatever your keyboard offers.
3. Read the answer in colour and the working underneath.

Reading the result

Answers are rounded to two decimal places. In box 3, a plus sign means it went up, a minus sign means it went down. In box 5, the standard German VAT rate is 19%; food, books and some other goods use 7%. Other countries have other rates — just change the number.

A mistake many people make

To remove 19% VAT from a gross price, you do not take 19% off. €119 minus 19% is €96.39, but the right net price is €100. You divide by 1.19 instead. Box 5 does this correctly when you pick "remove VAT".

What this tool cannot do

• It does not know tax rules. It only does the maths with the rate you type.
• It does not do interest over many years. Percent change here is a one-step change.
• Two discounts in a row do not add up. 20% and then 10% off is 28% off in total, not 30%. Run box 4 twice to see this.

Questions people ask

How do I calculate a percentage of a number?

Multiply the number by the percent and divide by 100. 20% of 150 is 150 × 20 ÷ 100 = 30.

How do I work out percent change?

Take the new value minus the old value, divide by the old value, and multiply by 100. From 80 to 100 is (100 − 80) ÷ 80 × 100 = 25% up.

How do I remove VAT from a price?

Divide the gross price by 1 plus the rate. With 19% VAT: €119 ÷ 1.19 = €100 net.

Is anything I type saved?

No. The maths runs in your browser and nothing is stored or sent.

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